Reviews 2005, global political and security

 Reviews in 2005 of the global political and security
: Reflections on the commemoration of important historical events

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volatile world of Uncle Sam's bad luck of the two major nuclear crisis in
different treatment
power of electoral politics in the tragicomedy of the color revolutions

short-lived hot spot temperature
several potential to be > greater responsibility
2005 occurred in China some major event, the beginning of the new century, global political and security situation, both left a deep identity, but also adds a new variable. This is the middle, some are in the past extension of clues and logic dictates, there is a sudden leap into the qualitative changes and contradictions, and some are unexpected trouble and just generated the risk. As for their prospects, such as speaking in 2006 or even 2016 the existence of 2060, change it or not, frankly, international relations scholars are unable to come up with accurate judgments. Just as no one foresaw the disintegration of the Soviet Union as evidenced by the fact that international politics who inherited the rich features ( including all the problems); we can do is as comprehensive as possible and accurately summed up what had just happened, and have to remind future possibilities.
one major historical events to commemorate the
2005 年witnessed a number of major historical events of the celebration, to remind the world forget the past and face the future.
this year is the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II and the United Nations was founded 60 years ago. World War II not only caused the largest in human history , the worst casualties in a conflict, it also brings the world to develop new turn. It is in the Second World War has not yet cleared of smoke, people the idea of brewing an international mechanism to resolve international conflicts - the United Nations and the Security Council; also It is in the flames of World War II, followed a few centuries of Western colonialism and the collapse of buildings crashing. Despite the various remnants of colonialism still try to delay this corpse on the wood of the time, from the history of mankind long-time observation of World War II is undoubtedly the yoke of imperialism and colonialism, the heaviest blow. Similarly, no matter how many detours through the United Nations or the number of people today criticized the United Nations, and regardless of how the individual trying to manipulate the greatest superpower international organizations, history of trials and hardships of the United Nations six years, keeping its unique and irreplaceable global legal authority of the General Assembly and the Security Council on .2005 fierce battle is just proof of the reform, increasing globalization, the international situation even more complicated the current era, countries still need the United Nations, more than ever expect it to play an active and effective role. At the same time, more and more like the United Nations large and small, strong weak and various national groups and non-state actors to game the main site, more and more like the extent to which observed international morality exists in the world composed of sovereign states mirror of society. In the issue of Security Council reform, Germany, Japan, India and Brazil formed the hard for consensus reality.
2005 years and is well-known Asian-African Conference (the Western countries did not participate in the first, initiated by the Asian and African countries themselves and the organization of major international conferences. in the 20th century, the special atmosphere of the 50s, from Asia and Africa, 29 countries, for these newly independent countries of its own political , made the process of economic and cultural review of the development of the future made a major announcement. The meeting also attended the birth of new China the first country to participate in major international conferences. As the host, President Sukarno of Indonesia pointed out that if that each of the past, only a single Asian and African countries face various difficulties and pressures, then the meeting shows that unite contend the remnants of imperialism and colonialism courage. Although a variety of reasons, not as many celebrations as developing countries look forward to warm, the is also the country with different social systems and ideology, an early example of peaceful coexistence, as was a model of international cooperation.
2005 years or reconciliation and dialogue in Europe, to the capital of Finland, the Nordic small country named this mechanism, opens the European countries the important process of reconciliation and cooperation, for the Cold War ended in continental Europe to play the role can not be ignored. Three years later, in Finland and Tanzania The two countries initiated in Europe, Africa, the (the last decade due to the absorption Russia into a consciously played down, in essence, the annual will be strength.
Comment: China, as permanent members and the developing world superpower, should make greater efforts to reform the United Nations; the same time, such as the face of external relations with China on speculation that the Group of Seven and Suggestions We first want to know where their own interests. two things sooner or later will have an even greater demand and pressure on China, we must have a clear strategy for the design and specific steps.
Second, the turbulence is not the world *** stability
2005 years of global political and security landscape of a worrying trend is that in the super high-pressure and other external forces and internal contradictions of the highlights of multiple factors such as catalyst, the minority population of a billion ** * the world, and continued the after the death in 2005 between Palestine and Israel, once appeared a , seems to have worked for a time; However, in the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and reject other concessions, the various factions within the PLO soon apparent contradiction between, on the existing economic base doping and weak technical conditions and other unfavorable factors, the expectations of the Palestinians rebuild their homeland still seems far away, nearly half a century formed the Palestinian-Israeli resentment still obscure, the prospects for Middle East peace process is still chaotic.
arduous reconstruction process in Afghanistan and Iraq. Needless to say, in Afghanistan and Iraq under occupation by the United States and its allies the two prop up the regime, the foundation has always been caught in limbo. foreign troops on the absolute superiority of force, but accelerated the success of rivals on the battlefield, but can not be eradicated in the occupied countries political, economic, social, and religious and cultural aspects of solid disease; enter the ideology and political system suffered a serious , suggesting that the deep crisis facing the reconstruction process.
widespread criticism of the Sudanese Council. Sudan's western Darfur region, most recently over the past year has been the focus of international attention. in the instigation and support of external forces , the anti-government armed with the Sudanese government a long struggle in the region, has been repeatedly violated the ceasefire agreement, war innocent bystander people and neighboring countries; many of the villages reduced to refugee camps, a large number of civilians were massacred in the conflict. As the history and reality various reasons, the African Union and the international community criticism and other pressures have little effect, the situation may worsen further.
Syria under enormous external pressure. Iraq, like Iran and the former as by the U.S. military over the years, as the Syrian as In February a external pressure, Syria is in a mouth Nanbian, when isolated environment difficult.
Pakistan has never been corpuscles. President General Pervez Musharraf not only to deal with the long-term dispute with India, but more and more hatred of Americans to face the majority of the domestic population, and many tribal elders ***. When the police found a series of bombs in London case of religious schools in Pakistan have visited manufacturer training, by the Government of Pakistan is severely criticized some Western countries. all the domestic Palestinian attacks, and its adjacent regions with Afghanistan, the ; momentum, shows Bush's cleaning up this country paid a high price strategy.
.2004 riots continued in southern Thailand two years to 2005, is Thailand recent years the most serious domestic disturbances for some time. southernmost Thailand the various government, that Muslim Malays living area, all kinds of trouble with repeated incidents; which both ethnic conflicts and the root causes of social problems, but also to some extent by the thousands, the problem in this quiet southern Thailand for many years, In 2002, the Indonesian resort of Bali has shocked the Big Bang occurred, the maker of bombings claimed the Australian government to punish the Americans and Iraq's pro-American policy. three years after the Bali bombing, Indonesia's domestic noise and anti-American terrorist attacks has not subsided, a serious challenge to the Government, has brought the country a serious unrest .2005 October 1 Bali bombings occur again, regardless of means and motivation to remind people that the world's largest occurred in this state of affairs ***, *** the world and the entire high-risk status is consistent.
Comments: After the Cold War, the new hot spots of the show, and the United States dominate the world is inseparable from the international pattern of . from North Africa, the Middle East to Central Asia and West Asia to play the so-called some of the world countries are occupied by external forces, and the region's own strong and deeply rooted religious and cultural traditions and political system, forming an irreconcilable contradiction. This is not the so-called political system and its ideological friction between.
three year Uncle Sam's bad luck
2005 年 can be described as America's pretty bad, lost more than have. In this year, the first Bush team carefully planned to Europe in early spring in February, from the brink of war in Iraq since the US-European relations and low as the Americans did not expect that warming; times and as early in March, a South American country of Uruguay's first left-wing history, President Vazquez was sworn in to Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil and Chile, as the main representative of the Latin American ;, constitute a tacit policy of the United States and its challenges; again is a global concern in Afghanistan, Iraq reconstruction process, due to a gross interference in the United States and other countries and put aside the United Nations alone strategy has been difficult, and sometimes back into the second one, sometimes into two back three, the wave of suicide bombings shattered both the Afghan and Iraqi people live a peaceful life, good dreams, but also blow the U.S. ; color revolution The Uzbek military issued a deportation order to the United States, Russia, the traditional advantage of the opportunity to strengthen the area of adjacent sides; most White House decision-making headaches may be Iran's proud and uninhibited, the newly elected President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad publicly criticized on various occasions U.S. high-handed, strong to resist Western pressure on Iran's nuclear development; Finally, a close ally of the United States a number of series of terrorist attacks, especially in the United Kingdom and Egypt in July 2005 bombings, once again so that the fear, hurricanes, went storm, flood disaster, the United States in the southern Gulf Coast of Louisiana, Mississippi and other states hit hard. which, of New Orleans most severely affected, 80% of the whole city was flooded with water, the number of deaths over a thousand injured countless. Not only that, man-made and natural disasters in parallel. New Orleans after the hurricane once fell into anarchy, looting, arson, rape frequently, and even delivery of relief material thugs shooting National Guard helicopter scene. the crowd is full of abandoned corpses, excrement and the odor of suffocating dead. crisis also exposed the deep and the existing bureaucratic system the United States a variety of social issues such as racial disparities and discrimination, some government departments of negligence, disregard for human life and so on. Americans experienced this natural disaster that can not be explained and can not forgive the abandoned, which is suddenly stripped naked between the United States has never experienced the humiliation of one. people will remember Hurricane Katrina hit in U.S. history the most terrible natural disaster in American history will remember it and wrote in the chapter: the United States had abandoned in their own territory the Americans. from the perspective of international politics , the U.S. military stretched in terms of disaster relief, suggesting a serious limitation on the Iraq issue, exacerbated by anti-war sentiments of the American people. The international community is difficult to understand why superior comprehensive national strength of the United States appears so fragile and chaotic scene. and humiliation, after Bush's second term will continue aggressive foreign policy? Afghanistan, especially the Americans in Iraq in accordance with the process of shaping the direction of advance? The U.S. and Iran, two sworn rivals, can similar to the Korean nuclear issue reached a compromise? This confusion is rather forward on the long list of numbers, people may wish to wait and see.
four different treatment of the two nuclear crisis
2005 年 researchers make sense of international politics a topic of interest, are the two nuclear crisis and the impact of different treatment.
by the DPRK, the United States, Japan, Russia, South Korea and China to participate in the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, the six-party meeting, after the parties strenuous and unremitting efforts, through four rounds of negotiations, and finally in September 19, 2005 reached a stage of the joint statement. Although it is removed completely from the nuclear shadow of the final, eliminating legacy of the Cold War in Northeast Asia is still a long journey, but the negotiations progress and the parties to show patience in judging the six-party meeting mechanism undoubtedly made the landmark victory. First, the superpower United States, North Korea agreed to a deal with the new position that guarantee not to invade a sovereign country and not to resort to force to resolve the North Korean nuclear threat , which is Bush's first term, said North Korea as Once again, North Korea agreed to North Korea other than the parties to provide the necessary security guarantees, to provide financial compensation for the nuclear process; Finally, China as the host pushing this mechanism, a One, showing a responsible and influential country image. the direction of denuclearization of the parties concerned have been approved, peaceful dialogue rather than force to resolve this issue six ways to get the commitment at the same time; these two objectives are written joint declaration, which in the past, international efforts to solve the problem of nuclear proliferation is unprecedented, it also provides a template for the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, particularly noticeable today the verge of breakdown.
contrast, backed by the United States, mainly by the European Big Three (Britain, Germany and France) the implementation of the .2005 twists and turns the world witnessed the evolution of this mechanism. to the end of September International Atomic Energy Agency, submitted by Germany, France and Britain on the draft resolution on Iran nuclear issue so far, both sides have faced the prospect of talks broke down; the EU and the U.S. threat to this big three the matter to the Security Council, Iran will release relentless intention to withdraw, Israel as hostile to Iran, but my heart is still concern that this theocratic Islamic state once the possession of nuclear weapons, will bring greater insecurity in the Western world, so the negotiations want to eradicate the possibility of Iran developing nuclear weapons; Iran claims its nuclear development despite verbal not to engage in arms, but rather ways to expand energy development, a discerning eye to see clearly the energy that powers the main objective of developing nuclear power but not economic security. In this case, will inevitably lead to irreconcilable results. Another important factor , and (and Israel) in the absence of, on behalf of the European Union expected to eliminate the concerns of Iran and the nuclear arms capability to complete the disarmament mission of the latter, it is too reluctant. Do not forget to get some dissatisfaction with Iran's dual policy of the State of Western sympathy for the 7,000 million people of Islamic countries, not only has a regular army and the as differentiation, as the latter, I really want to conflict even more than the challenges posed by Iran, Iraq, Iran and the EU .2005 difficult dialogue with the three countries, as well as the involvement of the IAEA outdated, to the international community to leave too much suspense .
Comments: election, the few big countries have a decisive influence the situation should be mentioned.
Koizumi of Japan won the first 11 .9, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi won the election overwhelmingly, won more than 60% of the seats in the House of Representatives . For Koizumi's victory, it is expected, but winning is so easy, but beyond the imagination of most observers. study the reasons for its victory, about two-fold: first, Koizumi set the election issues and elections in the strategy has extraordinary ability. He set the House of Representatives election as a referendum, decided by the people he called : either select the new look, full of the new reform-minded LDP, Koizumi as the representative of the party to exclude the old conservative forces; advocate maintaining the status quo or choose to defend the vested interests of the Conservative Party politician. Junichiro Koizumi the personality different, their views often stubborn characters, a reversal of the normal state of Japanese politics and politicians, giving voters leaving the image alone. Junichiro Koizumi seized the public's sympathy for psychology, in this respect much like the modern history of Japan that and the so-called of the hard-line stance, often looking forward to key players in Japan as the world's political stage the scene. Koizumi has been a tough few years uncharacteristically behavior, such as through the and repeated visits to Yasukuni Shrine and territorial disputes, China and Russia in an inch and so on, with right wing agitation propaganda, the people in the desire to change the status quo has produced results. from an objective point of view, Koizumi's victory for the addition to the main outside the United States allies, especially Japan's neighbors and the surrounding area, bringing more of a worry and uncertainty. ; pro-US diplomacy > followed by Germany's election. Germany had the next largest economy in Europe the first woman in history and political helm. and the Japanese is different from the German elections, different political parties arguably be evenly matched contest, the former ruling Social Democratic Party and the main opposition Christian Democratic Union, the gap between the votes of small to the extent of almost excluding, which separate the two major political parties are unable to obtain the necessary votes to form a government, only for multi-party coalition. This process is extremely difficult, there combination of the various political parties of arduous negotiations, the CDU leader Angela Merkel before the final position as prime minister, appeared in Germany three weeks of political deadlock rare. This situation, coupled with high unemployment and constant deterioration of the budget deficit, is destined to make a new ruling coalition led by Merkel difficult as big. from the European international relations and global political observers, the election of Germany's difficult to predict. It at least shows that the German voters did not like some had previously predicted, giving claim to the reform of the Christian Democratic Union vigorously to strong support for the main Ximokeer. It also reflects the are in a weak position. must also realize that the fate of the EU therefore more uncertain .2005 May the French and Dutch referendum on the EU constitution has to say interfere with the process of European integration, since the war can be said that the EU is facing the most serious political crisis. Meanwhile, on Turkey's EU negotiations, Europe and the United States for the improvement of the deteriorating relationship between the Iraqi issue, the two main political parties there are also important to the original differences, Merkel can not easily integrate these differences. it may indicate that the EU's integration process is not smooth, and the crisis in Iraq after the improvement of relations between Europe and America is not easy.
the last presidential election in Egypt, to mention .2005 In September, has been elected four times, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, easily beat a few minor competitors, began a fifth six-year presidential term. only from the perspective of the international politics, not difficult to find Hosni Mubarak re-elected a number of effects. First, the Arab region in the Middle East's leading power and to maintain strong control of the political and policy continuity, it is the world's hot spots for ensuring peace in the region vital to the future; like the old saying goes, firm control, including his son in a strong upward trend in Egypt's political arena, but also from one side shows deep-rooted Arab tradition of national politics, whether it is Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, like the monarchy, or Egypt, Syria, Jordan and other has Arab characteristics No Arab countries on the American public to say large country where the political power to better reflect the location of the power structure, trends and diplomatic problems. at Dee leading the three regional powers in the 2005 election results, reflecting their deep-seated contradictions in your area.
six , short-lived color revolution two years, the former Soviet Union and Eastern
region of the > First, Ukraine's Tymoshenko's government does not solve the pressing problems facing the country, for those who had participated in the Independence Square protests were very disappointed; Yushchenko criticized the Government for inaction on economic development, has also accused Tymoshenko own personal gains, attempts to use public power energy companies write off her own billions of dollars of debt owed, resulting in the business community, foreign partners and investors extreme distrust. retort Tymoshenko, Yushchenko turned on to say that Orange Revolution's ideals, parliamentary elections, many people speculated Yushchenko and Tymoshenko of breaking up with the power struggle on. Another sign of return to the past, the relationship between Ukraine and Russia. Prior to the outside world, many people suspect that the new regime will be backward and pull the West On the distance between neighboring countries and Eastern big, but it rejected such expectations. Viktor Yushchenko recently appointed Prime Minister Yekhanurov is the first country to visit Russia, Putin immediately met a long-awaited guest. historical ties , the same language, resource dependence, similar geographical features and the system has determined that Russia and Ukraine is difficult to give up the close relationship that is not easily changed by any force.
the recent political crisis in Ukraine than in Belarus, Kyrgyz political turmoil in other countries is even more insignificant between March .2005, by the other place respondents far less than organizers had expected, the police control of the situation quickly .2005 late September, Kyrgyz President Kurmanbek Bakiyev relieved Beknazarov the Attorney General's office. Beknazarov Kyrgyzstan is a country in the iconic figure, who is the family, economic and criminal liability; dismissed shortly before the Attorney-General also received the consent of Parliament deprived the son of former president, elected in February 2005, Mr Akayev's parliamentary immunity. according to the official version, do not Kena Zha Aliyev was sacked because of the abuse of title, he thinks he is the victim of political conspiracy, was the regime's corruption and forced him to resign. Do Faulkner Zhaye Fu has become the opposition of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev, the original allies against each other. It is said that the Russian people are now satisfied with Kyrgyz leaders than ever before, because it is difficult to feel a decent improvement; appear only political ; color revolution show the importance of, and control efforts to strengthen the CIS), as well as increase the rift within the West and political inaction, is in Russia and Western Europe, the gap between two plates within the former Soviet bloc ; dilemma fundamental reason is the This region may also have these kind of political turmoil, but they are not the early 90s of last century the changes that sense. this we need calm, sober estimate.
seven, several potential hot spots warming
2005, in addition to opening the aforementioned various conflicts and problems, there are some trouble is brewing, a number of potential hot spots is heating up.
first one is the deepening shadow of nuclear proliferation.